Umhlaza ubangela ukuba iiseli zahlukane ngokungalawulekiyo. Oku kunokubangela amathumba, umonakalo kwi-immune system, kunye nokunye ukuphazamiseka okunokubulala. Umhlaza unokuchaphazela amalungu awohlukeneyo omzimba, njengamabele, imiphunga, idlala lengqula, nolusu. Umhlaza ligama elibanzi. Ichaza isifo esiphumela xa utshintsho lwamaselula lubangela ukukhula okungalawulekiyo kunye nokwahlukana kweeseli. Ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza zibangela ukukhula kweeseli ngokukhawuleza, ngelixa ezinye zibangela ukuba iiseli zikhule kwaye zahlukane ngesantya esiphantsi. Ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza zikhokelela ekukhuleni okubonakalayo okubizwa ngokuba ngamathumba, ngelixa ezinye, njenge-leukemia, azikwenzi. Uninzi lweeseli zomzimba zinemisebenzi ethile kunye nexesha elimiselweyo lokuphila. Nangona kunokuvakala njengento embi, ukufa kweeseli yinxalenye yendalo kunye nenzuzo ebizwa ngokuba yi-apoptosis. Iseli ifumana imiyalelo yokufa ukuze umzimba ukwazi ukuyifaka endaweni yayo iseli entsha esebenza bhetele. Iiseli ezinomhlaza azinawo amacandelo aziyalela ukuba ziyeke ukwahlula zize zife. Ngenxa yoko, zakha emzimbeni, zisebenzisa ioksijini kunye nezondlo ezidla ngokuzondla ezinye iiseli. Iiseli ezinomhlaza zingenza amathumba, ziphazamise amajoni omzimba kwaye zibangele ezinye iinguqu ezithintela ukuba umzimba usebenze rhoqo. Iiseli ezinomhlaza zinokuvela kwindawo enye, emva koko zisasazeke ngee-lymph nodes. La ngamaqoqo eeseli zokhuselo lomzimba ezikuwo wonke umzimba. Isitofu esiphakathi sokuchasana ne-CT, isitofu esiphakathi sokuchasanisa se-DSA, isitofu esiphakathi sokuchasana se-MRI sisetyenziselwa ukutofa okuphakathi kokuchasanayo kwi-imaging yezonyango ukuze kuphuculwe umahluko wemifanekiso kunye nokwenza lula ukuxilongwa kwesigulane. Uphando olutsha luye lwakhuthaza uphuhliso lwamayeza amatsha kunye nobuchwepheshe bonyango. Oogqirha badla ngokumisela unyango olusekelwe kuhlobo lomhlaza, inqanaba lawo ekuxilongeni, kunye nempilo yomntu jikelele. Apha ngezantsi kukho imizekelo yeendlela zonyango lomhlaza: Unyango ngamachiza lujolise ekubulaleni iiseli ezinomhlaza ngamayeza ajolise kwiiseli ezahlula-hlula ngokukhawuleza. Amachiza anokunceda ukucutha amathumba, kodwa iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zingamandundu. Unyango lweHormone lubandakanya ukusela amayeza atshintsha indlela amahomoni athile asebenza ngayo okanye aphazamise amandla omzimba wokuwavelisa. Xa amahomoni edlala indima ebalulekileyo, njengakwidlala lengqula kunye nomhlaza wamabele, le yindlela eqhelekileyo.
I-Immunotherapy isebenzisa amayeza kunye nolunye unyango ukunyusa amajoni omzimba kunye nokukhuthaza ukulwa neeseli ezinomhlaza. Imizekelo emibini yolu nyango zii-checkpoint inhibitors kunye ne- adoptive cell transfer. Iyeza elichanekileyo, okanye iyeza lomntu siqu, yindlela entsha, ephuhlisayo. Kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kovavanyo lwemfuzo ukumisela olona nyango lulungileyo lomntu ekuboniseni umhlaza. Abaphandi abakabonisi ukuba inokunyanga ngokufanelekileyo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza, nangona kunjalo. Unyango ngemitha lisebenzisa idosi ephezulu yokutshisa ukubulala iiseli ezinomhlaza. Kwakhona, ugqirha unokuncoma ukusebenzisa i-radiation ukuthoba ithumba ngaphambi kotyando okanye ukunciphisa iimpawu ezinxulumene ne-tumor. Ukutshintshwa kwe-stem cell kunokuba luncedo ngakumbi kubantu abanomhlaza onxulumene negazi, njenge-leukemia okanye i-lymphoma. Kubandakanya ukususa iiseli, ezinjengeeseli ezibomvu okanye ezimhlophe zegazi, ezitshatyalaliswe yichemotherapy okanye ngemitha. Iingcali zaseLebhu zomeleza iiseli kwaye zizibuyisele emzimbeni. Utyando ludla ngokuba yinxalenye yesicwangciso sonyango xa umntu enethumba elinomhlaza. Kwakhona, ugqirha unokususa i-lymph nodes ukunciphisa okanye ukuthintela ukusasazeka kwesi sifo. Unyango ekujoliswe kulo lenza imisebenzi ngaphakathi kweeseli ezinomhlaza ukuthintela ukuba zingaphindaphindeki. Zinokomeleza amajoni omzimba. Imizekelo emibini yolu nyango ngamachiza amancinci-emolekyuli kunye ne-monoclonal antibodies. Oogqirha badla ngokuqesha ngaphezu kodidi olunye lonyango ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-15-2023
