Ngoko ke, nanku esibhedlele, ujongene noxinzelelo lwengxakeko yezonyango ekuzisileyo. Ugqirha ubonakala engenanto yakwenza kodwa u-odole iimvavanyo ezininzi zomfanekiso, ezifana ne-X-ray yesifuba okanye i-CT scan.
Okanye, usenokuba ne-mammogram ecwangciselwe iveki ezayo kwaye ngoku ukhumbula i-X-ray yamazinyo oye wayenza kutshanje. Okanye, emva kokuhlolwa kwempilo rhoqo, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba uhlolwe i-PET ngenxa yento engaqhelekanga eyenzekileyo.
Ukuba ukhe wazifumana ukwimeko efana nale, mhlawumbi ukhe wazibuza: Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba uchaphazeleke kakhulu yimisebe yelanga? Ngaba oko kungakhokelela kumhlaza? Kwaye ngaba kuyimfuneko ukuphakamisa inkxalabo, ingakumbi ukuba awukhulelwanga?
Ingakanani imitha ebandakanyekayo?
“Amanqanaba emitha angahluka kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kuvavanyo,” ucacise watsho uNjingalwazi oNcedisayo uLionel Cheng, umcebisi ophezulu kunye nentloko yeDiagnostic Radiology kwiSibhedlele iSingapore General.
Ubungakanani bemitha buxhomekeke ngokwenene kuvavanyo oluthile lwemifanekiso olusetyenziswayo. Umzekelo, idosi yemitha evela kwi-X-ray eqhelekileyo, i-bone density scan, okanye i-mammogram iphantsi kakhulu xa ithelekiswa ne-CT scan okanye i-PET scan, ngokutsho kuka-Assoc Prof Cheng.
I-X-reyi eqhelekileyo yamazinyo akho, isifuba, okanye amalungu omzimba ibandakanya umngcipheko ophantsi kakhulu wemitha—malunga ne-1 kwi-1,000,000, nto leyo elingana nemitha oza kuyifumana kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ezivela kwimithombo yendalo. Ewe, sonke sihlala sichatshazelwa yimitha yendalo evela emhlabeni, emoyeni, kwizinto zokwakha, kwanakwimitha yendalo evela esibhakabhakeni.
Amanqanaba aphezulu emitha evela kwi-CT okanye kwi-PET scan aza nomngcipheko omncinci womhlaza, kunye noluhlu oluphakathi kwe-1 kwi-10,000 ukuya kwi-1 kwi-1,000. Oku kufana neminyaka embalwa yokuchatshazelwa yimitha yendalo. Ngokutsho kweParkway Radiology, ezinye izinto, ezifana nendawo ethile ethathwayo (njengengalo nje xa kuthelekiswa nomzimba wakho wonke) kunye nokuba kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuchatshazelwa, nazo zichaphazela ukuvezwa kwemitha iyonke.
INGABA KUKHO UMDA WOKUKHIPHA I-SCAN ONOKUZIBONA NGONYAKA?
Ngokutsho kuka-Assoc Prof Cheng, akukho nani limiselweyo lee-scan umntu anokuzifumana ngonyaka. “Ezinye izigulana ezineemeko ezinzima okanye ezingxamisekileyo zinokwenza izifundo ezininzi zokuthatha imifanekiso ngexesha elifutshane, ngelixa ezinye zinokufuna olunye okanye ezimbini kuphela kwiminyaka ethile.”
Endaweni yokugxila kwinani elithile, ugxininise ukuba kubalulekile ukuba izigulana zixelele oogqirha bazo ukuba zikhe zafumana naziphi na iiskeni kutshanje. “Ukuba iiskeni zenziwe kwi-polyclinic okanye kwisibhedlele sikarhulumente, ugqirha unokufikelela kwezo rekhodi ngenkqubo yezempilo karhulumente, ethintela uvavanyo oluphindwe kabini kwaye acwangcise iiskeni zokulandelela xa kufuneka,” utshilo uNjingalwazi we-Assoc Cheng.
Nangona kunjalo, iiskeni ezenziwe kwiikliniki zabucala okanye kwamanye amazwe zisenokungafumaneki kumanqaku eklinikhi kagqirha. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ugxininise ukubaluleka kokuba izigulana zinike olu lwazi. “Oku kuvumela ugqirha ukuba aqwalasele iziphumo zemifanekiso yangaphambili xa egqiba ekubeni enze olunye uvavanyo lwemifanekiso yezonyango,” ucacisile.
KUTHENI OOGQIRHA MAXA WAMBI BEYA ODOLA IINDIDI EZININZI ZOKUVAVANYWA KWEMIFANEKISO?
Kukho amaxesha apho iskeni enye inganiki lwazi lwaneleyo lokufumanisa isifo ngokuchanekileyo, utshilo uBetty Matthew, ingcali ephezulu ye-radiographer kwi-SATA CommHealth.
"Ukusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuthatha imifanekiso kunye kuvumela uvavanyo olupheleleyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo, izicwangciso zonyango ezisebenzayo, kunye nokubekwa esweni ngokupheleleyo kwemeko yesigulana."
Umzekelo, i-X-ray ingachonga ukwaphuka kwamathambo ngenxa yengozi, kodwa ayizukutyhila ukopha kwangaphakathi okanye umonakalo welungu—iingxaki eziza kubonwa yi-CT okanye yi-MRI scan. UMatthew unika imizekelo eyongezelelweyo yeemeko apho kunokufuneka iimvavanyo ezininzi zokuthatha imifanekiso:
Ukuqinisekisa Ukuxilongwa: Kwiimeko ezinje ngomhlaza wemiphunga, i-X-ray yesifuba inokubonisa ubunzima, kodwa i-CT okanye i-MRI scan ingabonelela ngombono ocacileyo noneenkcukacha. Kwizigulane ezinestroke, i-CT scan inokuchonga ukopha ebuchotsheni, ngelixa i-MRI scan inokuvavanya ubungakanani bomonakalo wengqondo.
Ukubeka esweni ukuqhubela phambili kwesifoIindlela zokwenza imifanekiso ezifana ne-PET, i-CT, kunye ne-MRI zisetyenziselwa ukulandelela ukukhula kwethumba okanye ukusasazeka komhlaza. Kwiimeko ezingapheliyo ezifana ne-multiple sclerosis, ii-MRI scans eziphindaphindiweyo ziyafuneka ukuze kujongwe izilonda ezintsha.
Ukufumanisa iNtsholongwane okanye ukudumba: Ii-ultrasound, ii-CT scans, okanye ii-PET scans zinokunceda ekuchongeni umthombo wosulelo okanye ukudumba.
Zithelekiswa njani iiScan ezahlukeneyo?
Kutheni i-CT scan inoku-odolwa nge-X-ray? Ngaba inqanaba lemitha liphezulu kwi-mammogram xa lithelekiswa ne-X-ray eqhelekileyo? Makhe sihlolisise umahluko phakathi kwezinye zezona vavanyo ziqhelekileyo zokujonga imifanekiso.
1. I-Computed Tomography (i-CT Scan)
Yintoni:
Ii-CT scans zidla ngokunxulunyaniswa nomatshini omkhulu, ofana nesangqa okhupha imisebe emininzi ye-X-reyi. Le misebe isebenza kunye ukwenza imifanekiso yezitho zangaphakathi enamacala amathathu, njengoko kuchaziwe nguGqr. Lee.
Xa Isetyenziswa:
Ii-CT scan zibonelela ngemifanekiso eneenkcukacha ezininzi, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zibaluleke kakhulu ekuboniseni phantse zonke izitho zangaphakathi. Ngokuhambela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe, izigulana ngoku zinokuskena umzimba wonke ngaphantsi kwemizuzwana engama-20, zihlala zibambe umoya kube kanye.
Abo Bangafanelekanga Kubo:
Ngenxa yokuba ii-CT scan zifuna ubungakanani obukhulu bemitha, zihlala zingathintelwa kubantwana, kubasetyhini abakhulelweyo, nakubantu abadala abancinci ngaphandle kokuba kuyimfuneko ngokupheleleyo. Ukongeza, abantu abane-asthma, i-allergies, okanye iingxaki zezintso banokungafaneleki kolu hlobo lwe-scan, njengoko kufuneka idayi eyahlukileyo, enokubangela impendulo. Nangona kunjalo, ii-steroids zinokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko kwaba baguli, kwaye enye indlela yokuthatha imifanekiso ingacetyiswa ukuba kuyimfuneko.
2. Umzobo weMagnetic Resonance (MRI)
Yintoni:
Ngokungafaniyo ne-CT scans, ii-MRIs ziquka i-scanner enkulu, esisilinda apho izigulane zichitha ixesha elingakumbi. I-MRI isebenza ngokuvelisa amaza e-electromagnetic avelisa imifanekiso eneenkcukacha eziphezulu, enamacala amathathu yamalungu angaphakathi, kwaye inesisombululo esiphezulu kuzo zonke iindlela zokuthatha imifanekiso.
Xa Isetyenziswa:
I-MRI idla ngokusetyenziswa kwiimeko ezithile ezifana nokuvavanya uxinzelelo lwemithambo-luvo emgogodleni, ukubona iithumba ezincinci kwizitho ezifana nesibindi, okanye ukuhlola izakhiwo ezibuthathaka ezifana nomzila womchamo kunye nemibhobho yenyongo.
Abo Bangafanelekanga Kubo:
Ii-MRI scan azifanelekanga kwizigulane ezine-claustrophobia okanye ezingakwaziyo ukuhlala zithule ixesha elide, njengoko le nkqubo ingathatha naphi na ukusuka kwimizuzu eli-15 ukuya kwimizuzu engama-30, kuxhomekeke kwindawo eskeniweyo. Ukongeza, izigulane ezine-metal implants (umz., ii-heart stents, ii-clips, okanye izinto zangaphandle zesinyithi) zisenokungafaneleki kwi-MRIs ngenxa yombane onamandla osetyenziswayo ngexesha lenkqubo.
Iingenelo:
I-MRI ayibandakanyi imitha, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe lolona khetho lukhethwayo kwizigulane eziselula kunye nabo bakhulelweyo. Ii-MRI contrast agents ezintsha zikhuselekile kakhulu, nakubantu abaneengxaki zezintso.
3. I-X-Rey
Yintoni:
Ii-X-reyi zisebenzisa imitha ye-electromagnetic enamandla aphezulu ukwenza imifanekiso eneenkcukacha zezakhiwo zangaphakathi zomzimba. Nangona ibandakanya imitha ye-ionizing, ukuvezwa kwi-X-reyi kulawulwa ngononophelo ukunciphisa umngcipheko.
Xa Isetyenziswa:
Ii-X-reyi zisetyenziswa rhoqo ukuxilonga ukwaphuka kwamalungu, ukukhubeka kwamalungu, usulelo lwemiphunga olufana ne-pneumonia, kunye neemeko ezithile zesisu.
Abo Bangafanelekanga Kubo:
Nangona ii-X-reyi zihlala zikhuselekile kubo bonke ubudala, abafazi abakhulelweyo bayacetyiswa ukuba bangazisebenzisi kuba imitha inokuchaphazela ukukhula komntwana ongekazalwa. Nangona kunjalo, ii-X-reyi ziyalelwe kuphela xa iingenelo ezinokubakho zemifanekiso zingaphezulu kweengozi.
Ngamafutshane, indlela nganye yokufota ineempawu zayo ezizodwa, iingenelo kunye nemida. Ukuqonda iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeskeni kunye neengozi zazo kunokunceda izigulane zenze izigqibo ezinolwazi kwaye ziqinisekise ukuba zifumana unyango olufanelekileyo.
4. I-ultrasound
Isishwankathelo:
I-ultrasound idla ngokunxulunyaniswa nokujonga iintsana ngexesha lokukhulelwa, kwaye ngesizathu esivakalayo. Njengoko uMatthew echaza, “Yindlela ekhuselekileyo, engangenisi ntsholongwane yokufota engabandakanyi imitha.”
Endaweni yokusebenzisa imitha, i-ultrasound ixhomekeke kumaza esandi asebenza rhoqo ukuvelisa imifanekiso yexesha langempela yezitho zangaphakathi zomzimba kunye nemithambo yegazi. Ukuze kuthathwe le mifanekiso, kufakwa ijeli eluswini, kwaye isixhobo esincinci sithuthwa phezu kwendawo enomdla, njengesisu okanye umqolo.
Xa Isetyenziswa:
I-Ultrasound isetyenziswa rhoqo kwiingcali zokubelekisa kunye ne-gynaecology ukulandelela uphuhliso losana olungekazalwa. Ikwaluncedo ekuhloleni iimeko ezahlukeneyo zonyango. “Igqwesile ekuhloleni izicwili ezithambileyo, ukujonga ukukhulelwa, ukuvavanya amalungu esisu, ukuchonga amatye enyongo, kunye nokuhlola ukuhamba kwegazi kwimithambo yegazi,” uphawula uMatthew. Ukongeza, i-ultrasound isetyenziselwa iinkqubo ezikhokelwayo ezifana ne-biopsies.
Ngubani Ofanele Akuphephe:
Nangona kunjalo, i-ultrasound inemida. Ayikwazi ukungena emathanjeni, ngoko ke ayikwazi ukubona iindawo ezithile. Ikwanengxaki nomoya, nto leyo ethetha ukuba ayisebenzi kakuhle ekuhloleni amalungu anjengesisu okanye amathumbu. Izicubu ezinzulu, ezifana nepancreas okanye i-aorta, nazo zinokuba nzima ukuzivavanya, ingakumbi kwizigulana ezityebileyo ngenxa yokuba buthathaka kwamaza esandi njengoko ehamba kwizicubu zomzimba.
5. I-Mammogram
Isishwankathelo:
I-mammogram yi-X-ray ekhethekileyo yamabele eyenzelwe ukubona izinto ezingaqhelekanga, rhoqo ngaphambi kokuba kuvele naziphi na iimpawu. “Idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuculeni iziphumo zonyango ngokuchonga iingxaki kwangethuba,” utshilo uMatthew.
Ukuskena ngokoqobo kukhawuleza, kudla ngokuthatha imizuzwana embalwa. Nangona kunjalo, ukubeka ibele ukuze lithathwe imifanekiso efanelekileyo kungathatha imizuzu emi-5 ukuya kweli-10 eyongezelelweyo, kuxhomekeke ekubeni kufuneka imifanekiso emingaphi. “Njengoko kufuneka ucinezelo ukuze kufunyanwe imifanekiso ecacileyo, izigulana zisenokungakhululeki,” wongeza uGqr. Lee.
Xa Isetyenziswa:
Iimammogram azisetyenziselwa nje kuphela ukuvavanya rhoqo kodwa zikwasetyenziselwa ukuphanda iimpawu ezifana namaqhuma okanye iintlungu zebele ukuze kufunyanwe naziphi na iingxaki ezinokubakho.
Ngubani Ofanele Akuphephe:
Ngenxa yemitha echaphazelekayo, ii-mammogram azikhuthazwa kubasetyhini abancinci de bafikelele kwiminyaka ecetyiswayo yokuhlolwa rhoqo, njengoko uGqr. Lee echaza.
6. Iskeni yoBunzima beThambo
Isishwankathelo:
Uvavanyo loxinano lwamathambo, njengoko uGqr. Lee echaza, “yi-X-ray ethile esetyenziselwa ukuvavanya amandla amathambo.” Ngokwesiqhelo lugxila esinqeni okanye esihlahleni, kwaye inkqubo yovavanyo ithatha imizuzu embalwa kuphela.
Xa Isetyenziswa:
Olu vavanyo ludla ngokwenziwa kubantu abadala abasengozini ye-osteoporosis. Nangona kunjalo, lusenokufuneka nakubantu abancinci abasebenzisa amayeza achaphazela uxinano lwamathambo, utshilo uGqr. Lee.
Ngubani Ofanele Akuphephe:
Abafazi abakhulelweyo bafanele baphephe olu vavanyo ngenxa yemitha ebandakanyekayo. Ukongeza, abantu abaye benza utyando olukhulu lomqolo kutshanje okanye abaneengxaki ezinkulu zomqolo, njenge-scoliosis, basenokungafaneleki, njengoko iziphumo zisenokungachaneki.
7. Iskena sePositron Emission Tomography (PET)
Isishwankathelo:
I-PET scan yindlela ephucukileyo yokufota enika umfanekiso opheleleyo womzimba. “Ibandakanya ukufaka idayi ekhethekileyo enemisebe, kwaye njengoko idayi ifunxwa zizinto ezahlukeneyo, ifunyanwa yi-scanner,” ucacisa uGqr. Lee.
Le nkqubo ithatha malunga neeyure ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu kuba idayi ifuna ixesha lokuba ifakwe kwizitho zomzimba ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe iskeni.
Xa Isetyenziswa:
Ii-PET scans zisetyenziselwa kakhulu ukufumanisa umhlaza nokuvavanya ukusasazeka kwawo. Nangona kunjalo, zinokunceda ekuchongeni imithombo yosulelo.
Ngubani Ofanele Akuphephe:
Ngenxa yemitha echaphazelekayo, ii-PET scan azikhuthazwa kubantwana okanye kubantu abakhulelweyo, ucebisa uGqr. Lee.
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Ixesha leposi: Februwari-23-2025
