Uvavanyo lwemifanekiso yezonyango "liliso elibukhali" lokuqonda umzimba womntu. Kodwa xa kufikwa kwi-X-rays, i-CT, i-MRI, i-ultrasound, kunye neyeza lenyukliya, abantu abaninzi baya kuba nemibuzo: Ngaba kuya kubakho imitha ngexesha lovavanyo? Ngaba iya kubangela nawuphi na umonakalo emzimbeni? Abafazi abakhulelweyo, ngakumbi, bahlala bexhalabile ngempembelelo yemitha kwiintsana zabo. Namhlanje siza kuchaza ngokupheleleyo imiba yemitha efunyanwa ngabafazi abakhulelweyo kwicandelo le-radiology.
Umbuzo Wesigulana Ngaphambi Kokuba Uvezwe
1. Ingaba kukho inqanaba elikhuselekileyo lokuvezwa kwimitha yelanga kumguli ngexesha lokukhulelwa?
Imida yedosi ayisebenzi ekuchatshazelweni yimitha yesigulana, njengoko isigqibo sokusebenzisa imitha sixhomekeke kwisigulana ngasinye. Oku kuthetha ukuba iidosi ezifanelekileyo kufuneka zisetyenziswe ukufezekisa iinjongo zonyango xa zifumaneka. Imida yedosi imiselwe abasebenzi, hayi izigulana.
- Uthini umthetho weentsuku ezili-10? Ithini imeko yawo?
Kwizibonelelo ze-radiology, kufuneka kubekho iinkqubo zokufumanisa imeko yokukhulelwa kwezigulane ezingamabhinqa ezineminyaka yokuzala ngaphambi kokuba naluphi na unyango lwe-radiological olunokubangela ukuba umbungu okanye usana luvezwe kwimitha eninzi ye-radiation. Le ndlela ayifani kuwo onke amazwe kunye namaziko. Enye indlela "ngumthetho weentsuku ezilishumi," othi "nanini na xa kunokwenzeka, uvavanyo lwe-radiological lwesisu esisezantsi kunye ne-pelvis kufuneka lunqunyelwe kwisithuba seentsuku ezili-10 emva kokuqala kokuya exesheni."
Ingcebiso yokuqala yayiziintsuku ezili-14, kodwa ngenxa yokwahluka komjikelo wokuya exesheni komntu, eli xesha lancitshiswa laba ziintsuku ezili-10. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ubungqina obandayo bubonisa ukuba ukunamathela ngokungqongqo "kumthetho weentsuku ezilishumi" kunokubangela imiqathango engeyomfuneko.
Xa inani leeseli ekukhulelweni lincinci kwaye iimpawu zazo zingekacaciswa, iziphumo zomonakalo kwezi seli zinokubonakala njengokungaphumeleli kokufakelwa okanye ukufa okungabonakaliyo kokukhulelwa; Ukukhubazeka akunakwenzeka okanye kunqabile kakhulu. Ekubeni i-organogenesis iqala kwiiveki ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-5 emva kokukhulelwa, ukuvezwa kwimitha ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa akucingelwa ukuba kubangela ukukhubazeka. Ngoko ke, kucetywayo ukuba kupheliswe umthetho weentsuku ezili-10 kwaye kufakwe umthetho weentsuku ezingama-28 endaweni yawo. Oku kuthetha ukuba, ukuba kufanelekile, uvavanyo lwe-radiological lunokwenziwa kulo lonke umjikelo de kube umjikelo omnye uphoswe. Ngenxa yoko, ugxininiso lutshintshela ekuyeni exesheni okulibazisekileyo kunye nokwenzeka kokukhulelwa.
Ukuba ukuya exesheni kulibaziseka, umfazi kufuneka athathwe njengokhulelweyo ngaphandle kokuba kungqinwe ukuba akunjalo. Kwimeko ezinjalo, kuya kuba bubulumko ukuphonononga ezinye iindlela zokufumana ulwazi olufunekayo ngokusebenzisa iimvavanyo ezingezizo eze-radiological.
- Ngaba ukukhulelwa kufanele kupheliswe emva kokuvezwa kwimitha?
Ngokutsho kwe-ICRP 84, ukuphelisa ukukhulelwa kwidosi ezingaphantsi kwe-100 mGy akuvumelekanga ngokusekelwe kumngcipheko wemitha. Xa idosi engaphantsi kwe-100 kunye ne-500 mGy, isigqibo kufuneka senziwe ngumntu ngamnye.
Imibuzo xaKuyaqhutywaMezonyangoEuviwo
1. Kuthekani ukuba isigulana sifumana uhlolo lwe-CT esiswini kodwa singazi ukuba sikhulelwe?
Idosi yemitha ye-fetus/conceptual kufuneka iqikelelwe, kodwa kuphela yingcali yefiziksi yezonyango/ingcali yokhuseleko lwemitha enamava kwi-dosimetry enjalo. Izigulane zinokucetyiswa ngcono malunga neengozi ezinokubakho ezibandakanyekayo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, umngcipheko uncinci kuba ukuvezwa kuya kunikwa kwiiveki ezi-3 zokuqala emva kokukhulelwa. Kwiimeko ezimbalwa, umntwana osesiswini mdala kwaye iidosi ezibandakanyekayo zinokuba nkulu kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, kunqabile kakhulu ukuba iidosi zibe phezulu ngokwaneleyo ukucebisa ukuba isigulane sicinge ngokuphelisa ukukhulelwa.
Ukuba kufuneka kubalwe idosi yemitha ukuze kuxelwe isigulane, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe izinto ezibonisa i-radiographic (ukuba ziyaziwa). Ezinye izinto ezicingelwayo zinokwenziwa kwi-dosimetry, kodwa kungcono ukusebenzisa idatha yokwenyani. Umhla wokukhulelwa okanye ixesha lokugqibela lokuya exesheni nawo kufuneka umiselwe.
2. Ikhuselekile kangakanani i-radiology yesifuba nemilenze ngexesha lokukhulelwa?
Ukuba isixhobo sisebenza kakuhle, izifundo zokuxilonga eziboniswe ngugqirha (ezifana ne-radiography yesifuba okanye amalungu omzimba) zinokwenziwa ngokukhuselekileyo kude nomntwana ongekazalwa nangaliphi na ixesha ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Ngokuqhelekileyo, umngcipheko wokungafumani uxilongo mkhulu kunomngcipheko wemitha obandakanyekayo.
Ukuba uhlolo ludla ngokwenziwa kwinqanaba eliphezulu lovavanyo kwaye umntwana ongekazalwa ufumaneka kwimitha okanye kufutshane nomngxuma wemitha, kufuneka kuthathwe unonophelo lokunciphisa umthamo kwimveku ngelixa isaxilonga. Oku kungenziwa ngokulungelelanisa uvavanyo kunye nokuvavanya i-radiography nganye ethathiweyo de kube kufunyenwe ukuxilongwa, uze emva koko uphelise inkqubo.
Iziphumo zokuvezwa kwimitha ye-intrauterine
Ukukhanya okuvela kwiimvavanyo zokuxilongwa ngemitha akunakwenzeka ukuba kubangele naziphi na iziphumo eziyingozi ebantwaneni, kodwa amathuba okuba neziphumo ezibangelwa yimitha azinakucinywa ngokupheleleyo. Isiphumo sokuvezwa kwimitha ekukhulelweni sixhomekeke kwixesha lokuvezwa kunye nobungakanani bedosi efunxiweyo ngokumalunga nomhla wokukhulelwa. Le nkcazo ilandelayo yenzelwe iingcali zesayensi kwaye iziphumo ezichazweyo zinokubonwa kuphela kwiimeko ezikhankanyiweyo. Oku akuthethi ukuba ezi ziphumo zenzeka kwiidosi ezifunyenwe kwiimvavanyo eziqhelekileyo, njengoko zincinci kakhulu.
Imibuzo xaKuyaqhutywaMezonyangoEuviwo
1. Kuthekani ukuba isigulana sifumana uhlolo lwe-CT esiswini kodwa singazi ukuba sikhulelwe?
Idosi yemitha ye-fetus/conceptual kufuneka iqikelelwe, kodwa kuphela yingcali yefiziksi yezonyango/ingcali yokhuseleko lwemitha enamava kwi-dosimetry enjalo. Izigulane zinokucetyiswa ngcono malunga neengozi ezinokubakho ezibandakanyekayo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, umngcipheko uncinci kuba ukuvezwa kuya kunikwa kwiiveki ezi-3 zokuqala emva kokukhulelwa. Kwiimeko ezimbalwa, umntwana osesiswini mdala kwaye iidosi ezibandakanyekayo zinokuba nkulu kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, kunqabile kakhulu ukuba iidosi zibe phezulu ngokwaneleyo ukucebisa ukuba isigulane sicinge ngokuphelisa ukukhulelwa.
Ukuba kufuneka kubalwe idosi yemitha ukuze kuxelwe isigulane, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe izinto ezibonisa i-radiographic (ukuba ziyaziwa). Ezinye izinto ezicingelwayo zinokwenziwa kwi-dosimetry, kodwa kungcono ukusebenzisa idatha yokwenyani. Umhla wokukhulelwa okanye ixesha lokugqibela lokuya exesheni nawo kufuneka umiselwe.
2. Ikhuselekile kangakanani i-radiology yesifuba nemilenze ngexesha lokukhulelwa?
Ukuba isixhobo sisebenza kakuhle, izifundo zokuxilonga eziboniswe ngugqirha (ezifana ne-radiography yesifuba okanye amalungu omzimba) zinokwenziwa ngokukhuselekileyo kude nomntwana ongekazalwa nangaliphi na ixesha ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Ngokuqhelekileyo, umngcipheko wokungafumani uxilongo mkhulu kunomngcipheko wemitha obandakanyekayo.
Ukuba uhlolo ludla ngokwenziwa kwinqanaba eliphezulu lovavanyo kwaye umntwana ongekazalwa ufumaneka kwimitha okanye kufutshane nomngxuma wemitha, kufuneka kuthathwe unonophelo lokunciphisa umthamo kwimveku ngelixa isaxilonga. Oku kungenziwa ngokulungelelanisa uvavanyo kunye nokuvavanya i-radiography nganye ethathiweyo de kube kufunyenwe ukuxilongwa, uze emva koko uphelise inkqubo.
Iziphumo zokuvezwa kwimitha ye-intrauterine
Ukukhanya okuvela kwiimvavanyo zokuxilongwa ngemitha akunakwenzeka ukuba kubangele naziphi na iziphumo eziyingozi ebantwaneni, kodwa amathuba okuba neziphumo ezibangelwa yimitha azinakucinywa ngokupheleleyo. Isiphumo sokuvezwa kwimitha ekukhulelweni sixhomekeke kwixesha lokuvezwa kunye nobungakanani bedosi efunxiweyo ngokumalunga nomhla wokukhulelwa. Le nkcazo ilandelayo yenzelwe iingcali zesayensi kwaye iziphumo ezichazweyo zinokubonwa kuphela kwiimeko ezikhankanyiweyo. Oku akuthethi ukuba ezi ziphumo zenzeka kwiidosi ezifunyenwe kwiimvavanyo eziqhelekileyo, njengoko zincinci kakhulu.
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Ixesha leposi: Epreli-29-2024
