Indlela yokwahlula phakathi kwe-X-Rays, i-CT kunye ne-MRI?

Injongo yeli nqaku kukuxubusha iintlobo ezintathu zeenkqubo zokuxilonga zonyango ezidla ngokubhidaniswa luluntu ngokubanzi, iX-ray, iCT, neMRI.

Ithamo lemitha ephantsi–X-reyi

IX-reyi yalifumana njani igama layo?

Oko kusibuyisela emva kwiminyaka eli-127 ukuya kuNovemba. Usosayensi waseJamani uWilhelm Conrad Roentgen wafumanisa into engaziwayo kwibhubhoratri yakhe ethobekileyo, waza wachitha iiveki kwibhubhoratri, waqinisekisa ngempumelelo umfazi wakhe ukuba enze isifundo sovavanyo, kwaye wabhala i-X-reyi yokuqala kwimbali yoluntu, kuba ukukhanya kugcwele imfihlelo engaziwayo, uRoentgen wayibiza ngokuba yiX-reyi. Oku kufunyaniswe kukhulu kwabeka isiseko soxilongo lwemifanekiso yezonyango lwexesha elizayo kunye nonyango. Umhla we-8 kaNovemba 1895, wabhengezwa njengoSuku lweHlabathi lweRadiological Day ukukhumbula eli xesha libalulekileyo lokufunyanwa.

I-X-reyi yimitha yokukhanya engabonakaliyo enobude obufutshane kakhulu obuyimitha ye-electromagnetic phakathi kwemitha yeultraviolet kunye negamma. Kwangaxeshanye, isakhono sayo sokungena sinamandla kakhulu, ngenxa yomahluko wokuxinana kunye nobukhulu bezakhiwo ezahlukeneyo zezicubu zomzimba womntu, iX-reyi ifunxwa kwiidigri ezahlukeneyo xa idlula emzimbeni womntu, kunye neX-reyi ngolwazi olwahlukileyo lokuthomalalisa emva kokungena emzimbeni womntu udlula kuthotho lwetekhnoloji yophuhliso, kwaye ekugqibeleni yenze iifoto zemifanekiso emnyama namhlophe.

I-X-reyi kunye ne-CT zihlala zidityanisiwe, kwaye zinento efanayo kunye nokwahlukana. Ezi zimbini zinento efanayo kumgaqo wokucinga, zombini zisebenzisa ukungena kwe-X-reyi ukwenza imifanekiso emnyama nemhlophe enobunzima obahlukileyo bokukhanya kwemitha ngemizimba yabantu enoxinaniso lwezicubu ezahlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu. Kodwa kukho umahluko ocacileyo:

Okokuqala, umahlukoubuxokikwinkangeleko kunye nokusebenza kwesixhobo. I-X-reyi ifana ngakumbi nokuya kwisitudiyo seefoto ukuze uthathwe ifoto. Okokuqala, isigulane sincedwa ngokubekwa okusemgangathweni kwendawo yokuhlola, kwaye i-bulb ye-X-ray (ikhamera enkulu) isetyenziselwa ukudubula umfanekiso ngomzuzwana omnye. Izixhobo ze-CT zibukeka ngathi "i-donut" enkulu ngokubonakala, kwaye umqhubi kufuneka ancedise isigulane kwibhedi yoviwo, angene kwigumbi lokusebenza, kwaye enze i-CT scan kwisigulane.

Okwesibini, umahlukoubuxokikwiindlela zokucinga. Umfanekiso weX-reyi ngumfanekiso odityanisiweyo onamacala amabini, kwaye ingcaciso yefoto yendlela ethile yokuqhelaniswa nayo inokufumaneka kwishothi enye, enecala elinye. Kufana nokujonga isiqwenga se-toast enganqunywanga ngokupheleleyo, kwaye isakhiwo sangaphakathi asinakubonakaliswa ngokucacileyo. Umfanekiso we-CT uqulunqwe ngoluhlu lwemifanekiso ye-tomography, elingana nokusabalalisa i-tissue structure layer, ngokucacileyo kwaye enye enye ukubonisa iinkcukacha kunye nezakhiwo ngaphakathi komzimba womntu, kwaye isisombululo singcono kakhulu kunefilimu ye-X-ray.

Okwesithathu, ngoku, ukufota X-reyi sele isetyenziswa ngokukhuselekileyo kwaye eqolileyo ekuxilongweni ancedisayo yobudala amathambo abantwana, abazali musa ukuba nexhala kakhulu malunga nefuthe lemitha, idosi X-ray radiation lincinane kakhulu. Kukho nezigulane eziza esibhedlele ngenxa yonyango lwamathambo ngenxa yokulimala, ugqirha uya kudibanisa iingenelo kunye nokungonakali kwe-X-ray kunye ne-CT, ngokuqhelekileyo ukhetho lokuqala lokuhlolwa kwe-X-ray, kwaye xa i-X-ray ingenakukwazi ukucaca izilonda okanye izilonda ezikrokrelayo zifunyenwe kwaye azikwazi ukuxilonga, ukuhlolwa kwe-CT kuya kucetyiswa njengoncedo lokomeleza.

Musa ukudibanisa i-MRI kunye ne-X-ray kunye ne-CT

MRIibukeka ifana ne-CT ngokubonakala kwayo, kodwa ukuvuleka kwayo okunzulu kunye nemingxuma emincinci kuya kuzisa imvakalelo yoxinzelelo kumzimba womntu, esinye sezizathu zokuba abantu abaninzi baya kukoyika.

Umgaqo wayo wahluke ngokupheleleyo kulowo weX-reyi kunye neCT.

Siyazi ukuba umzimba womntu uqulunqwe zii-athomu, umxholo wamanzi emzimbeni womntu ngowona mkhulu, amanzi aqulethe iiprotoni ze-hydrogen, xa umzimba womntu ulele kwintsimi yamagnetic, kuya kubakho inxalenye yeeproton ze-hydrogen kunye ne-pulse signal ye-magnetic field yangaphandle "resonance", i-frequency eveliswa yi "resonance" ifunyenwe ngumamkeli, ifom yekhompyutheni ebuthathaka kunye nomfanekiso omnyama wekhompyutheni.

Uyazi, i-nuclear magnetic resonance ayinamonakalo wemitha, akukho mitha ye-ionizing, ibe yindlela eqhelekileyo yokucinga. Kwizicubu ezithambileyo ezifana nenkqubo ye-nervous, amalungu, izihlunu kunye namafutha, i-MRI ikhethwayo.

Nangona kunjalo, nayo ine-contraindications ngakumbi, kwaye ezinye iinkalo zingaphantsi kwe-CT, ezifana nokuqwalaselwa kwamaqhuqhuva amancinci emiphunga, i-fractures, njl. I-CT ichanekile ngakumbi. Ngoko ke, nokuba ukhetha i-X-ray, i-CT okanye i-MRI, ugqirha kufuneka akhethe iimpawu.

Ukongezelela, sinokujonga izixhobo ze-MRI njengemagnethi enkulu, izixhobo zombane ezikufutshane nazo ziya kuphumelela, izinto zetsimbi ezikufutshane nazo ziya kubhengezwa ngokukhawuleza, okubangelwa "impembelelo ye-missile", eyingozi kakhulu.

Ngoko ke, ukhuseleko loviwo lwe-MRI luhlala luyingxaki eqhelekileyo koogqirha. Xa ulungiselela uviwo lwe-MRI, kuyimfuneko ukuxelela ugqirha ngembali ngokwenyani kunye neenkcukacha, landela umyalelo weengcali, kwaye uqinisekise uviwo lokhuseleko.

Ingabonwa ukuba ezi ntlobo zintathu ze-X-ray, i-CT kunye ne-MRI iinkqubo zokucinga zonyango ziyancedisana kwaye zikhonza izigulane.

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Njengoko sonke siyazi, ukuphuhliswa kwemboni yezobuchwephesha zonyango ayinakuhlukaniswa nokuphuhliswa koluhlu lwezixhobo zonyango - ii-injection ze-agent echaseneyo kunye nezinto ezixhasayo - ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kule ndawo. E-China, edume ngoshishino lwayo lokuvelisa, baninzi abavelisi abadumileyo ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe ngokuveliswa kwezixhobo zonyango zonyango, kuquka.LnkMed. Ukusukela ekusekweni kwayo, i-LnkMed ibigxile kwintsimi yee-ejenti zokuchasa ngoxinzelelo oluphezulu. Iqela lobunjineli be-LnkMed likhokelwa yi-Ph.D. uneminyaka engaphezu kweshumi yamava kwaye uzibandakanye nzulu kuphando nophuhliso. Phantsi kokhokelo lwakhe, iCT isitofu sentloko enye,CT isitofu sentloko kabini,Isitofu se-agent ye-MRI yokuchasana, kwayeI-Angiography yoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-ejenti yokuchasaziyilwe ngezi mpawu: umzimba owomeleleyo noxineneyo, ujongano olufanelekileyo nolukrelekrele lokusebenza, imisebenzi epheleleyo, ukhuseleko oluphezulu, kunye noyilo oluhlala ixesha elide. Sinokubonelela ngeesirinji kunye netyhubhu ehambelana nezo mpawu zidumileyo ze-CT, iMRI, ii-injection ze-DSA Ngesimo sabo sengqondo esinyanisekileyo kunye namandla obuchwephesha, bonke abasebenzi be-LnkMed bayakumema ngokunyanisekileyo ukuba uze uhlolisise iimarike ezininzi kunye.