Ungayihlula njani i-X-ray, i-CT kunye ne-MRI?

Injongo yale nqaku kukuxoxa ngeentlobo ezintathu zeenkqubo zokuthatha imifanekiso yezonyango ezidla ngokubhideka luluntu ngokubanzi, i-X-ray, i-CT, kunye ne-MRI.

Idosi yemitha ephantsi–i-X-ray

I-X-ray yalifumana njani igama layo?

Oko kusibuyisela umva kwiminyaka eli-127 ukuya kuNovemba. Isazinzulu sefiziksi saseJamani uWilhelm Conrad Roentgen safumanisa into engaziwayo kwilabhoratri yakhe ethobekileyo, waza wachitha iiveki kwilabhoratri, waphumelela ukweyisela umfazi wakhe ukuba asebenze njengomntu ovavanywayo, waza warekhoda i-X-ray yokuqala kwimbali yoluntu, kuba ukukhanya kugcwele imfihlakalo engaziwayo, uRoentgen wayibiza ngokuba yi-X-ray. Olu vumbululo lukhulu lwabeka isiseko sokuxilongwa kunye nonyango lwezonyango kwixesha elizayo. Ngomhla wesi-8 kweyeNkanga ngo-1895, kwabhengezwa uSuku lweMisebe yeHlabathi ukukhumbula olu vumbululo lwexesha elide.

I-X-reyi ngumsebe wokukhanya ongabonakaliyo onobude obufutshane kakhulu obuyimitha ye-electromagnetic phakathi kwemitha ye-ultraviolet kunye ne-gamma. Kwangaxeshanye, amandla ayo okungena anamandla kakhulu, ngenxa yomahluko kubuninzi kunye nobukhulu bezakhiwo ezahlukeneyo zezicubu zomzimba womntu, i-X-reyi ifunxwa ngamanqanaba ahlukeneyo xa idlula emzimbeni womntu, kwaye i-X-reyi enolwazi olwahlukileyo lokunciphisa emva kokungena emzimbeni womntu idlula kuthotho lweetekhnoloji zophuhliso, kwaye ekugqibeleni yenza iifoto zemifanekiso emnyama nemhlophe.

Ii-X-reyi kunye ne-CT zihlala zihlanganiswa, kwaye zinezinto ezifanayo nezahlukileyo. Ezi zimbini zifana kakhulu kumgaqo womfanekiso, zombini ezisebenzisa ukungena kwe-X-reyi ukwenza imifanekiso emnyama nemhlophe enobukhulu obahlukeneyo bokunciphisa imitha emizimbeni yabantu enobunzima obahlukeneyo bezicubu kunye nobukhulu. Kodwa kukwakho nomahluko ocacileyo:

Okokuqala, umahlukoubuxokikwinkangeleko nokusebenza kwezixhobo. I-X-ray ifana kakhulu nokuya kwi-studio yokufota ukuze kuthathwe ifoto. Okokuqala, isigulana sincedwa ngokubekwa okuqhelekileyo kwendawo yovavanyo, emva koko kusetyenziswa ibhalbhu ye-X-ray (ikhamera enkulu) ukufota umfanekiso ngomzuzwana omnye. Izixhobo ze-CT zibukeka njenge "donut" enkulu ngenkangeleko, kwaye umqhubi kufuneka ancede isigulana ebhedini yovavanyo, angene kwigumbi lotyando, aze enze i-CT scan yesigulana.

Okwesibini, umahlukoubuxokikwiindlela zokuthatha imifanekiso. Umfanekiso we-X-reyi ngumfanekiso odibeneyo onemilinganiselo emibini, kwaye ulwazi lwefoto yendlela ethile lunokufunyanwa kwifoto enye, ecala linye. Kufana nokubuka isiqwenga se-toast esinganqunyulwanga sisonke, kwaye isakhiwo sangaphakathi asinakuboniswa ngokucacileyo. Umfanekiso we-CT wenziwe ngothotho lwemifanekiso ye-tomography, efana nokuqhekeza umaleko wesakhiwo sezicubu ngomaleko, ngokucacileyo nangomnye nomnye ukubonisa iinkcukacha ezingaphezulu kunye nezakhiwo ngaphakathi emzimbeni womntu, kwaye isisombululo singcono kakhulu kunefilimu ye-X-reyi.

Okwesithathu, okwangoku, ukufotwa kwe-X-ray kusetyenziswe ngokukhuselekileyo nangokuvuthiweyo ekuxilongeni amathambo abantwana, abazali akufuneki bakhathazeke kakhulu ngempembelelo yemitha, idosi yemitha ye-X-ray incinci kakhulu. Kukwakho nezigulana eziza esibhedlele ukuze zifumane unyango lwamathambo ngenxa yokwenzakala, ugqirha uya kudibanisa iingenelo kunye nokungalungi kwe-X-ray kunye ne-CT, ngokuqhelekileyo ukhetho lokuqala lovavanyo lwe-X-ray, kwaye xa i-X-ray ingenakucaca izilonda okanye izilonda ezikrokrelekayo zifunyenwe kwaye zingenakuchongwa, uvavanyo lwe-CT luya kucetyiswa njengoncedo lokuqinisa.

Musa ukubhidanisa i-MRI ne-X-ray kunye ne-CT

MRIIbukeka ifana ne-CT ngembonakalo, kodwa umngxuma wayo onzulu kunye nemingxunya emincinci iya kuzisa uvakalelo loxinzelelo emzimbeni womntu, nto leyo enye yezizathu zokuba abantu abaninzi bayoyike.

Umgaqo wayo wahluke ngokupheleleyo kulowo we-X-ray kunye ne-CT.

Siyazi ukuba umzimba womntu wenziwe ngeeathom, umxholo wamanzi emzimbeni womntu ngowona uphezulu, amanzi aqulathe iiprotoni zehydrogen, xa umzimba womntu ulele kwintsimi yemagnethi, kuya kubakho inxalenye yeeprotoni zehydrogen kunye nesignali yepulse yentsimi yemagnethi yangaphandle "i-resonance", i-frequency eveliswa yi-"resonance" ifunyanwa yi-receiver, kwaye ekugqibeleni ikhompyutha icubungula isignali ye-resonance ebuthathaka, yenze umfanekiso womfanekiso omnyama nomhlophe.

Uyazi, i-nuclear magnetic resonance ayinamonakalo kwimitha, akukho i-ionizing radiation, iye yaba yindlela eqhelekileyo yokufota. Kwizicwili ezithambileyo ezifana nenkqubo yemithambo-luvo, amalungu, izihlunu kunye namafutha, i-MRI iyathandwa.

Nangona kunjalo, ikwanazo nezinye izinto ezichaseneyo nayo, kwaye ezinye izinto zingaphantsi kune-CT, njengokubonwa kwamaqhuqhuva amancinci emiphungeni, ukwaphuka, njl. I-CT ichanekile ngakumbi. Ke ngoko, nokuba ukhetha i-X-ray, i-CT okanye i-MRI, ugqirha kufuneka akhethe iimpawu.

Ukongeza, singazibona izixhobo zeMRI njengemagnethi enkulu, izixhobo ze-elektroniki ezikufutshane nazo ziya kusilela, izinto zesinyithi ezikufutshane nazo ziya kutsalwa ngoko nangoko, nto leyo ebangela "isiphumo semijukujelwa", esiyingozi kakhulu.

Ngoko ke, ukhuseleko lovavanyo lwe-MRI lusoloko luyingxaki eqhelekileyo koogqirha. Xa ulungiselela uvavanyo lwe-MRI, kuyimfuneko ukuxelela ugqirha imbali ngenyaniso nangeenkcukacha, ulandele imiyalelo yeengcali, kwaye uqinisekise uvavanyo lokhuseleko.

Kuyabonakala ukuba ezi ntlobo zintathu zeenkqubo ze-X-ray, i-CT kunye ne-MRI zonyango ziyahambelana kwaye zinceda izigulane.

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