Indlela yokwahlula phakathi kwe-X-Rays, i-CT kunye ne-MRI?

Injongo yeli nqaku kukuxubusha iintlobo ezintathu zeenkqubo zokuxilonga zonyango ezidla ngokubhidaniswa luluntu ngokubanzi, iX-ray, iCT, neMRI.

Ithamo lemitha ephantsi–X-reyi

IX-reyi yalifumana njani igama layo?

Oko kusibuyisela emva kwiminyaka eli-127 ukuya kuNovemba. Ingcali yefiziksi yaseJamani uWilhelm Conrad Roentgen wafumanisa into engaziwayo kwilabhoratri yakhe ethobekileyo, emva koko wachitha iiveki kwilebhu, waqinisekisa ngempumelelo umfazi wakhe ukuba enze isifundo sovavanyo, kwaye wabhala iX-reyi yokuqala kwimbali yoluntu, kuba ukukhanya kuyinyani. egcwele imfihlelo engaziwayo, uRoentgen wayibiza ngokuba yiX-reyi. Oku kufunyaniswe kukhulu kwabeka isiseko soxilongo lwemifanekiso yezonyango lwexesha elizayo kunye nonyango. Umhla we-8 kaNovemba 1895, wabhengezwa njengoSuku lweHlabathi lweRadiological Day ukukhumbula eli xesha libalulekileyo lokufunyanwa.

I-X-reyi yimitha yokukhanya engabonakaliyo enobude obufutshane kakhulu obuyimitha ye-electromagnetic phakathi kwemitha yeultraviolet kunye negamma. Kwangaxeshanye, isakhono sayo sokungena sinamandla kakhulu, ngenxa yomahluko wokuxinana kunye nobukhulu bezakhiwo ezahlukeneyo zezicubu zomzimba womntu, iX-reyi ifunxwa kwiidigri ezahlukeneyo xa idlula emzimbeni womntu, kunye neX- I-ray enolwazi olwahlukileyo lokuthomalalisa emva kokungena emzimbeni womntu idlula kuthotho lwetekhnoloji yophuhliso, kwaye ekugqibeleni yenza iifoto zemifanekiso emnyama namhlophe.

I-X-reyi kunye ne-CT zihlala zidityanisiwe, kwaye zinento efanayo kunye nokwahlukana. Ezi zimbini zinento efanayo kumgaqo wokucinga, zombini zisebenzisa ukungena kwe-X-reyi ukwenza imifanekiso emnyama nemhlophe enobunzima obahlukileyo bokukhanya kwemitha ngemizimba yabantu enoxinaniso lwezicubu ezahlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu. Kodwa kukho umahluko ocacileyo:

Okokuqala, umahlukoubuxokikwinkangeleko kunye nokusebenza kwesixhobo. I-X-reyi ifana ngakumbi nokuya kwisitudiyo seefoto ukuze uthathwe ifoto. Okokuqala, isigulane sincedwa ngokubekwa okusemgangathweni kwendawo yokuhlola, kwaye i-bulb ye-X-ray (ikhamera enkulu) isetyenziselwa ukudubula umfanekiso ngomzuzwana omnye. Izixhobo ze-CT zibukeka ngathi "i-donut" enkulu ngokubonakala, kwaye umqhubi kufuneka ancedise isigulane kwibhedi yoviwo, angene kwigumbi lokusebenza, kwaye enze i-CT scan kwisigulane.

Okwesibini, umahlukoubuxokikwiindlela zokucinga. Umfanekiso weX-reyi ngumfanekiso odityanisiweyo onamacala amabini, kwaye ingcaciso yefoto yendlela ethile yokuqhelaniswa nayo inokufumaneka kwishothi enye, enecala elinye. Kufana nokujonga isiqwenga se-toast enganqunywanga ngokupheleleyo, kwaye isakhiwo sangaphakathi asinakubonakaliswa ngokucacileyo. Umfanekiso we-CT uqulunqwe ngoluhlu lwemifanekiso ye-tomography, elingana nokusabalalisa i-tissue structure layer, ngokucacileyo kwaye enye enye ukubonisa iinkcukacha kunye nezakhiwo ngaphakathi komzimba womntu, kwaye isisombululo singcono kakhulu kune-X- ifilimu ye-ray.

Okwesithathu, ngoku, ukufota X-reyi sele isetyenziswa ngokukhuselekileyo kwaye eqolileyo ekuxilongweni ancedisayo yobudala amathambo abantwana, abazali musa ukuba nexhala kakhulu malunga nefuthe lemitha, idosi X-ray radiation lincinane kakhulu. Kukwakho nezigulane eziza esibhedlele ukuze zifumane unyango lwamathambo ngenxa yokwenzakala, ugqirha uya kuhlanganisa izinto eziluncedo nezingeloncedo kwi-X-reyi kunye ne-CT, ngokuqhelekileyo ukhetho lokuqala loviwo lwe-X-ray, kwaye xa i-X-reyi ayinakuba. izilonda ezicacileyo okanye izilonda ezikrokrelayo zifunyenwe kwaye azikwazi ukuxilongwa, ukuhlolwa kwe-CT kuya kucetyiswa njengoncedo oluqinisayo.

Musa ukudibanisa i-MRI kunye ne-X-ray kunye ne-CT

MRIibukeka ifana ne-CT ngokubonakala kwayo, kodwa ukuvuleka kwayo okunzulu kunye nemingxuma emincinci kuya kuzisa imvakalelo yoxinzelelo kumzimba womntu, esinye sezizathu zokuba abantu abaninzi baya kukoyika.

Umgaqo wayo wahluke ngokupheleleyo kulowo weX-reyi kunye neCT.

Siyazi ukuba umzimba womntu uqulunqwe ngama-athomu, umxholo wamanzi emzimbeni womntu ngowona mkhulu, amanzi aqukethe iiprotoni ze-hydrogen, xa umzimba womntu ulele kwintsimi yamagnetic, kuya kubakho inxalenye ye-hydrogen protons kunye ne-pulse. Umqondiso wemagnethi yangaphandle "i-resonance", i-frequency eveliswa "yi-resonance" ifunyenwe ngumamkeli, kwaye ekugqibeleni ikhompyutheni iqhuba umqondiso we-resonance ebuthathaka, yenze ifoto yomfanekiso omnyama nomhlophe.

Uyazi, i-nuclear magnetic resonance ayinamonakalo wemitha, akukho mitha ye-ionizing, ibe yindlela eqhelekileyo yokucinga. Kwizicubu ezithambileyo ezifana nenkqubo ye-nervous, amalungu, izihlunu kunye namafutha, i-MRI ikhethwayo.

Nangona kunjalo, nayo ine-contraindications ngakumbi, kwaye ezinye iinkalo zingaphantsi kwe-CT, ezifana nokuqwalaselwa kwamaqhuqhuva amancinci emiphunga, i-fractures, njl. I-CT ichanekile ngakumbi. Ngoko ke, nokuba ukhetha i-X-ray, i-CT okanye i-MRI, ugqirha kufuneka akhethe iimpawu.

Ukongezelela, sinokujonga izixhobo ze-MRI njengemagnethi enkulu, izixhobo zombane ezikufutshane nazo ziya kuphumelela, izinto zetsimbi ezikufutshane nazo ziya kubhengezwa ngokukhawuleza, okubangelwa "impembelelo ye-missile", eyingozi kakhulu.

Ngoko ke, ukhuseleko loviwo lwe-MRI luhlala luyingxaki eqhelekileyo koogqirha. Xa ulungiselela uviwo lwe-MRI, kuyimfuneko ukuxelela ugqirha ngembali ngokwenyani kunye neenkcukacha, landela umyalelo weengcali, kwaye uqinisekise uviwo lokhuseleko.

Ingabonwa ukuba ezi ntlobo zintathu ze-X-ray, i-CT kunye ne-MRI iinkqubo zokucinga zonyango ziyancedisana kwaye zikhonza izigulane.

————————————————————————————————————————————————— ——————————————————————————————————————

Njengoko sonke siyazi, ukuphuhliswa kwemboni yezobuchwephesha zonyango ayinakuhlukaniswa nokuphuhliswa koluhlu lwezixhobo zonyango - ii-injection ze-agent echaseneyo kunye nezinto ezixhasayo - ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kule ndawo. E-China, edume ngoshishino lwayo lokuvelisa, baninzi abavelisi abadumileyo ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe ngokuveliswa kwezixhobo zonyango zonyango, kuquka.LnkMed. Ukusukela ekusekweni kwayo, i-LnkMed ibigxile kwintsimi yee-ejenti zokuchasa ngoxinzelelo oluphezulu. Iqela lobunjineli be-LnkMed likhokelwa yi-Ph.D. uneminyaka engaphezu kweshumi yamava kwaye uzibandakanye nzulu kuphando nophuhliso. Phantsi kokhokelo lwakhe, iCT isitofu sentloko enye,CT isitofu sentloko kabini,Isitofu se-agent ye-MRI yokuchasana, kwayeI-Angiography yoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-ejenti yokuchasaziyilwe ngezi mpawu: umzimba owomeleleyo noxineneyo, ujongano olufanelekileyo nolukrelekrele lokusebenza, imisebenzi epheleleyo, ukhuseleko oluphezulu, kunye noyilo oluhlala ixesha elide. Sinokubonelela ngeesirinji kunye netyhubhu ehambelana nezo mpawu zidumileyo ze-CT, iMRI, ii-injection ze-DSA Ngesimo sabo sengqondo esinyanisekileyo kunye namandla obuchwephesha, bonke abasebenzi be-LnkMed bayakumema ngokunyanisekileyo ukuba uze uhlolisise iimarike ezininzi kunye.